Productida is an extinct order of brachiopods in the extinct class Strophomenata. Members of Productida first appeared during the Silurian. [1] They represented the most abundant group of brachiopods during the Permian period, accounting for 45-70% of all species.

2014年7月18日 · The specimens are highly convex ventral valves, which are characteristic of the productid brachiopods. The long hollow spines helped distribute the weight of these brachiopods on soft and unstable substrata, like a sandy or muddy sediment. This is often called “the snowshoe effect”.

The Productids were an extremely successful and diverse group of brachiopods, dominating late Paleozoic marine ecosystems. Productids are characterized by concavo-convex shells accompanied by development of spines, either along the posterior margin, or distributed more or less abundantly over other parts of the shell surface.

2024年10月25日 · Brachiopoda were a dominant group of marine organisms during the Paleozoic. Their name comes from the Greek words brachion, meaning “arm,” and podos, meaning “foot.” This references to their internal anatomy. Brachiopods were once thought to be mollusks, which have a muscular internal foot.

Linoproductus on the left and Echinaria on the right are both productid brachiopods. The productids characteristically have a straight hinge line and a brachial valve (hidden from view here) that is flat or even concave. Another common feature is the presence of spines.

Bivalves and brachiopods are both sessile filter feeders, sitting on the seafloor and filtering water for food and oxygen. Their abundance reversed at the end of the Permian, when the greatest of all known mass extinctions eliminated more than 95 percent of Earth’s ocean species.

2020年7月4日 · On most other brachiopods, the commissure lies flush with the front of the animal, but, in productids, it often curved upwards and away from the valves; and like the rest of the shell, it bore ribs and sometimes spines. Fossils of this bit of the brachiopod look like ground that has had a miniature plough dragged over it, hence the name ...

2019年9月1日 · The present paper is the first systematic monographic study of gigantoproductids, semiplanids, and some other large-sized productid brachiopods from the upper Viséan to Serpukhovian strata of the Montagne Noire.

2021年4月14日 · While removing an unknown sponge by acid dissolution from the Permian Fort Apache Member of the Schnebly Hill Formation from northern Gila County in Arizona I found several silicified brachiopods with spines.

Brachiopods (/ ˈ b r æ k i oʊ ˌ p ɒ d /), phylum Brachiopoda, are a phylum of animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs.Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, while the front can be opened for feeding or closed for protection. Two major categories are traditionally recognized, articulate and ...