Surface runoff is defined as precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, or hail ) that reaches a surface stream without ever passing below the soil surface. It is distinct from direct runoff, which is runoff that reaches surface streams immedi… 展开

Urbanization increases surface runoff by creating more impervious surfaces such as pavement and buildings that do not allow percolation of the water down through the soil to the aquifer. It is instead forced directly into strea… 展开

Surface runoff can cause erosion of the Earth's surface; eroded material may be deposited a considerable distance away. There are four main types of soil erosion by water: splash erosion, sheet erosion, rill erosion and … 展开

Mitigation of adverse impacts of runoff can take several forms:
• Land use development controls aimed at minimizing impervious surfaces in urban areas
• Erosion controls for farms and construction… 展开